Activism, Community, Refugees

Cipotes en Tijuana

December 16, 2019

By Lorena Cruz

Casa Asilo: “And whoever welcomes a little child like this in My name welcomes Me.”  (Matthew, 18:5-18)

Casa Asilo: “And whoever welcomes a little child like this in My name welcomes Me.”  (Matthew, 18:5-18)

Casa Asilo[1] is the only shelter for unaccompanied minors who arrive in Tijuana, Baja California, MX. The migrants who arrive here are between 13 and 17 years old and typically spend from 2 weeks to 6 months at the shelter. The Mexican System for Integral Family Development (DIF) does not have the capacity to house thousands of apprehended youth. For the minors transferred to DIF custody DIF shelters, such as Casa Asilio, bear a resemblance to detention and provide only limited education and psychological services.

In January of this year, I began volunteering at Casa as part of UCSD's Mexican Migration Field Research and Training Program (MMFRP)—a community-based research practicum. The shelter coordinator introduced me to newly arrived Melo, a 17-year old migrant from El Salvador. Through our hour-long conversation, I learned that Melo is from the same colonía as my own family. Melo, the youngest of 10, arrived at the shelter with his nephew but was separated from his older brother in Tijuana because of Casa’s age restriction. He fought tears as he sequenced his transit as a minor, the pain of his expulsion, and the burdens of hope he bore for his country’s future as well as his own.

Melo and his nephew were driven out of their homes because of threats from the street gang MS13 that control his colonía. They study at a school that is in an area controlled by the rival street gang, Mara 18.  In order to go to school, they had to pay a daily $5 tax to Mara 18. Street tax is common in the daily lives of Salvadorans, he recounts. Many find themselves working, commuting, living throughout the territories claimed by rival street gangs. Gang members disguise their informants as street vendors to spot where people come from and to impose tax on any “outsiders.”

One day, MS13 informants saw Melo paying this fee to the rival gang and sent armed, masked men to terrorize his home. He was given eight hours to leave the area or face deathly consequences. As the clock of mortality ticked, Melo’s mother offered her savings to him to finance his trip to the Mexico-U.S. border; as she had done with his older siblings in the past. Fearing for his life, Melo also knew he could not stay in El Salvador because the MS13 networks traverse the country and, since his payments to Mara 18 had ceased, they would also be looking for him. He packed 2 pairs of pants, 2 shirts and one pair of shoes. He left behind his grandparents, friends, his secondary education—in all, his life. Melo took a bus to Guatemala but did not stay long because MS13 controls most of its territories. It was in Ciudad Hidalgo, Michoacán, Mexico that he found other migrants (remnants of the 2018 Caravan) in transit. He waited, 3 days in Hidalgo, for a humanitarian visa (a rarity for most non-Mexican unaccompanied minors), which enabled him to trek the country by bus for a maximum of 30 days.

While in transit, Melo found that it was generally easy to make friends and said he often relied on the kindness of strangers. Throughout the Caravan, when anyone could, they would share their food. Melo fondly recalled a group of Honduran men offering him chicken to eat while he and his nephew awaited their visas in the beating sun. He told me that it was important for everyone to help each other out; there was a system to it. He always felt safe because everyone would unite to fight kidnappers or abusers in the group. Despite the large number of migrants, no fights ever broke out within the group itself.

Casa Asilo: Mural of the adolescents who arrived during the 2018-2019 Caravan

Casa Asilo: Mural of the adolescents who arrived during the 2018-2019 Caravan

He left El Salvador on January 23rd and arrived in Tijuana on February 14th. A relatively “short” trip that kept his shoes white (we laughed about this). He knew his experience was atypical because he held a humanitarian visa. His siblings who had migrated in the past were forced to endure the dangerous “Bestía” (Mexican freight trains). Melo’s goal is simple: to cross into the U.S. He did not know much about political asylum, but he learned some logistics from the adults in the Caravan. One thing Melo does know is that he is willing to make a life in detention and suffer if it means he is in the U.S. He told me about the horror stories that he’d heard about sexual abuses that occur in detention. But to Melo, this grim fate may yield a better opportunity for him than the one he faced back home in El Salvador. In his colonía, gang members were connected to the Salvadoran police forces. Oftentimes, the police would use street gang networks to enforce curfews or to maintain a territory’s border. “They are all part of the same system” he told me. Police and gang members have terrorized his family members, and now him. His brother miraculously survived 11 shots to his body; his sister was forced to flee because she had a Guatemalan boyfriend; and his cousin was exiled because he refused to join a street gang. Even during a Catholic procession, he lost a friend to gunfire from MS13 members. Melo holds deep resentments against his government and MS13 for the current situation of his country.

Melo has hopes with the newly elected government, gran alianza por la unidad nacional. He admits most Salvadorans are opinionated when it comes to the country’s politics. He was close to finishing his secondary education before he was forced to flee. His dream is to complete his education in the U.S. and work to support his family that remains in El Salvador, mainly his grandparents. And, ultimately, dreams of a safe return to El Salvador, once he’s free. 

About the Author: Lorena Cruz is a second-generation Salvadoran and first-generation graduate student of Latin American Studies at the University of California San Diego. Her areas of research and academic interests are race, international migration, critical immigration & refugee studies, organic social movements, unaccompanied minors in transit, and the Salvadoran-American diaspora. Her current project, “A Bidirectional Ethnographic Project of Reclaimed Childhoods at Casa Asilo”, locates unaccompanied minors who joined the 2018 Caravan movement, outside the problem-oriented paradigm. As age-fluid agents, the adolescents in this study cultivate a sense of belonging amid a larger socio-political framework.  

[1] To ensure the safety and privacy of the youth, the names of the shelter and of the interviewees have been changed.

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Xyz(X)

December 16, 2019 • 8:48 PM

What an excellent read. So important to listen to the stories of the displaced peoples who migrate and understand the knowledge they carry with them in transit. Thank you for doing this significant work and sharing!

Lilliana Lopez

January 30, 2020 • 9:35 AM

This was an amazing piece to read. One thing I found really interesting was that oftentimes with stories of people leaving their countries it is parents leaving so they and their children can have a better life. You never really hear of stories such as Melo’s where it is children having to leave in order for their parents and other family members to have a better life, but it is a common occurrence.

Brandon Najera

January 30, 2020 • 9:46 AM

This was a very enjoyable read and a real issue that we see strike places in Central America. As someone who’s family comes from Central America I notice that fear of danger will stop my parents from visiting. I’m glad Melos story was shared because it tends to happen more than we know. You can associate migrants with wanting a better life, but a better life literally sometimes means wanting to live. Thank you for bringing awareness to such a great topic!

Andrea Magana-Escobar

January 30, 2020 • 10:21 AM

How did you feel interviewing Melo? Was it difficult?

What was the most common cases of the children in Casa Asilo, were many fleeing gang violence and death threats?

Did Melo stay in contact with his family or his cousin that got seperated?

Alyssa Granados

January 30, 2020 • 10:21 AM

Thank you for expressing the humanity within immigration.  Most people do not understand the hardships that cause individuals to migrate and the risks they continue to take on their journey.  It was very eye opening and heart aching to know that Melo would prefer the suffering of U.S. detention centers than of the dangers back home in El Salvador.  It shows how grateful we all must be to live freely in a country where everyone dreams to be.

Ariana Martin

January 30, 2020 • 10:25 AM

I appreciate his story because it is unique but at the same time the same to many Central American refugees. It is also important to make stories like his known to showcase the harsh reality of many asylum seeking migrants.

Derek Buitron

January 30, 2020 • 10:25 AM

Very beautiful and compelling story! I thought it was very interesting to hear about the experience of a South American migrant and was even more thrilled to read about the different experience Melo had because he was able to obtain a humanitarian visa.  All migration stories are different and beautiful in their own ways and this article is another example of how important it is to allow these people to have their voices and stories heard.

Yolanda Cerezo

January 30, 2020 • 10:25 AM

this is such a coincidence, my family just took in refugees from Guatemala who were escaping from the violence of gangs. Today, they are struggling to adapt in Los Angeles, a city where there is a lot going on compared to Guatemala. The family has 2 sons who currently are in school , & have expressed feeling alone at school because they don’t speak English, who wish one day to go back to their “real” home with their friends where they felt accepted. I liked how this blog was really descriptive in terms of his educational journey.

Giselle Vincent

January 30, 2020 • 10:25 AM

It is important to bring light to what is happening with the children who were a part of the caravan and allowing folks to share their background stories. Often time people like to generalizes why an individual decides to migrate to the US but no one takes the time to really understand why folks flee their home country. Thank for writing this piece it was a great read.

Yasmeen Obeid

January 30, 2020 • 10:26 AM

I love that you highlight their love for El Salvador while highlighting their inability to live their despite wanting to. It allows the reader to understand and know that he’s not leaving his home for the sake of leaving, rather, he is forced to leave and would not do so if circumstances were different. It breaks down the concept that people want to leave their homes and come to the U.S. just for the fun of it.

Samantha

January 30, 2020 • 10:26 AM

I loved your story. It’s does a beautiful job humanizing Melo and exposing the reasons behind migration. How important was having a common background with Melo? Did this assist you to establish rapport? From your experience working in Casa Asilo, what are the most pressing issues they face?

Amy Boymoushakian

January 30, 2020 • 10:26 AM

Thinking of how connected the gangs and police forced are in El Salvador is terrifying. I wonder if the new government will be able to effectively sever these ties? It is nice to think there could be hope that some of these refugees will be able to go back home to their families.

Ryan Phung

January 30, 2020 • 10:26 AM

I really appreciated you talking about Melo’s journey to the border, a part of migration that is rarely discussed within the common before/after binary, as well as the kinship Melo gained with strangers like the Honduran men on the way. That kind of bond I don’t really see in media victimization of refugees.  I also really liked the last sentence, reminding the audience that refugees aren’t just coming to America, they’re leaving a home and everything that accompanies it.

Fernando Gonzalez

January 30, 2020 • 10:27 AM

Melo’s story is very captivating. I can picture myself seeing the area in which Melo lived in. You really helped me capture even if it be through a small window as to how the life Melo has lived so far.

Mariela Flores

January 30, 2020 • 10:27 AM

Thank you for the work you are doing, it is so significant to protect and reclaim the childhoods of children in detention so I really enjoyed your approach of centering their stories amongst a time where their narratives are often stolen.

Amy Hoang

January 30, 2020 • 10:28 AM

Thank you for sharing Melo’s story. It’s important to interview and record the specific conditions that shaped the migration experiences of individuals like Melo.

Litzy Ramirez-Quezada

January 30, 2020 • 10:28 AM

This was a great piece and it was very helpful! I am Mexican but my nephew is Salvadorian from his dad’s side and I think that it is important for my family and me to understand that he now shares an experience with his dad that we don’t really understand as Mexicans and it was nice to take a look at and learn about an experience that may seem so similar but is also very different. Thank you :)

Jeanna Vita Thottungal

January 30, 2020 • 10:28 AM

This was an incredibly eye-opening article on the push-pull factors of the U.S. and the perception immigrants have of “migration”. Melo’s childhood was heavily dependent on MS13, a local gang in El Salvador. Reading this has made me even more grateful of the education I am receiving here at UCSD. There are so many children who are neglected of their basic hierarchal needs of safety, food +water, and a roof over their heads.  Despite his hardships in his hometown, Melo still craves to go back and strives to complete his education in order to support his family. This is yet another example of an immigrant who was forced to travel to the U.S. under horrible circumstances.

Bernice Garcia Gutierrez

January 30, 2020 • 10:29 AM

Its very refreshing to read about migrant stories through the lense of the migrants themselves outside of the victimized frame that is commonly propelled. There is so much power in his story and more stories like his need to be put forward in the conversations around refugees.

Marisol Gonzalez

January 30, 2020 • 10:29 AM

A great read! Truly gives us an insight on the daily struggles faced by folks in Central America and the reason behind their transit to the US.  This reading allowed us to get an insight of one of many stories also showing us that not all stories are the same.

Lina Mohammed

January 30, 2020 • 10:29 AM

Thank you for sharing this story. It is very important to share what migrants go through on their way to their destination and before they migrate as it is neglected most of the time and the focus is usually on the fact that they are at the border. I really appreciate your work, and I’m looking forward to read more of it.

Elizabeth Ramos

January 30, 2020 • 10:29 AM

Thank you for sharing Melo’s stpry, and I hope his dream of safely returning to El Salvador becomes a reality. 

Does the SNDIF have any plans of creating new shelters for unaccompanied minors? Or any stay extensions in Casa Asilo?

Nidya Preza

January 30, 2020 • 10:29 AM

It was a very interesting read but also a very difficult one. As someone who comes from an immigrant family, I understand the difficulty of leaving your country because you are forced out. Melo’s story is just one of the many stories told by immigrants and it brings awareness to the fact that people believe immigrants only come to America to take advantage of the resources which is not true. The reason people come here is that they just want to live and not suffer through violence.

Brianna Brawley

January 30, 2020 • 10:29 AM

I felt that the line “He knew his experience was atypical because he held a
humanitarian visa” was so complicated to pull apart. It is frustrating that Melo’s experience as a youth migrant is one of privilege simply because of possession of a document, and reveals the fractures within an immigration system that poses displaced peoples (regardless of age) as a threat to the American social fabric. This also revealed the fragility of borders and documentation, because the common misconception is that documented immigrants and refugees face ideal circumstances in navigating resettlement in the US, but this is not the case, as Melo’s account details. The idea of “freedom” within the United States was also interesting, as Melo’s freedom is ultimately contingent upon economic success and resettlement within the US.

Aaron Ngan

January 30, 2020 • 10:29 AM

I appreciate the futurity-mindedness of this article. Even though the “grim reality” of violence is very present, it ends on discussing Melo’s hopes for the future. It’s so important not just to think of the troubled past but the bright possibilities ahead and the valuing of people as people. This shows resilience and strength from a place of desire that speaks to migrant community and kinship. This goes against many narratives of immigrant suffering and pain and instead provides the desire-based approach that troubles this.

Lalin Ozyazgan

January 30, 2020 • 10:29 AM

I think the story you tell is a critical one because it not only highlights the realities of everyday violence that people in many countries Central America are facing, but also provides a narrative of resilience. The details of Melo leaving his family behind and risking gang members finding him or facing abuse in detention centers, yet still deciding to travel to the U.S to complete his education is a humanizing story. Additionally, I like that you included his testimony of the desire to eventually return to El Salvador, as this contests the perpetuated narrative of refugees wanting to flea their home countries rather than being forced to.

Priscilla Frayre

January 30, 2020 • 10:30 AM

I think individual stories such as the one shared above about Melo truly humanizes refugee and asylum seekers.  It is vital to critically examine refugee and migrant stories to provide support for granting asylum to those who face danger. This was a great blog post, thank you Lorena for the work you did to produce such a wonderful story.

Paola

January 30, 2020 • 10:30 AM

One thing that came to mind when reading this is how aware Melo is about the situation and why he had to flee from El Salvador. It really highlights how children are affected and targeted by violence and how they are willing to risk everything in order to find their freedom. Thank you for sharing this story and showing us a story that is not often heard.

Karencathleen Gonzalez-Aguilar

January 30, 2020 • 10:30 AM

This was an easy and enjoyable read that gave real issue information. Thank you for sharing Melo’s story. It is important to record the specific conditions that an individual can experience in their own home-town.  It analyzes the reasoning for a lot of migration as well and giving background information of individuals who just want to be successful in life as well.

Angelica Torres

January 30, 2020 • 10:31 AM

It was really satisfying to read this article. Specially for me, this American dream has taken away family members. This separation was and is still a really is significantly difficult, it is an experience that leaves marks in every persons life. I highly identify with Melo, at such a young age and I think that it is so wonderful that people like you Lorena take the time to help migrants and it is something that I am looking forward to do here at UCSD.

Oscar Mejia Gutierrez

January 30, 2020 • 10:31 AM

Reading this article provides the reader with the perspective of a refugee, one that is often disregarded by officials and people in power. Reading Menlo’s experience was terrifying, and I could only just start to comprehend what many others go through. As you detailed, the immense amount of terror and risk one is exposed to in one’s native country is the primary reason they escape. Thank you for bringing this awareness.

Bruna Perestrelo Faria

January 30, 2020 • 10:31 AM

Thank you for sharing the very personal stroy of Melo. You provide a lot of details and we can read the emotions in your words. It is particulary idfferent from what the state’s procedure when it receives an asylum demand, they analyze the personal stories coldly and impersonally. Thank you for the humanitiy in your words.

Anaïs Guery

January 30, 2020 • 10:31 AM

Thank you for this great article that highlights the story of Melo but also the story of a lot of others. It is very interesting to se what they went through but also their expectations while trying to immigrate to the US. I was quite impressed by Melo’s courage, who is younger than me and stays optimistic, even though he went through a lot. I think that it is very important to share this type of stories to have a better understand of migrants’ experiences. Thank you for sharing your experiences !

Tsung Wei Chao

January 30, 2020 • 10:33 AM

It’s interesting to read about Melo’s story and get his perpective on his journey from his home to the border. Melo’s story changes the persepective on who a refugee is and hopefully it creates a more empathetic attitude towards them. Hopefully, stories like Melo’s shape policies that seek to help refugees, not displace them any further.

Ani Gharibyan

January 30, 2020 • 10:35 AM

I really enjoyed reading this blog and honestly it was very interesting for me to hear about the migrants of South Americans . I really liked how it clearly shows how people leave their homes because their were forced. Every migrant has their own unique story, which are very different from each other but they all have the same feelings.  Thank you !

Jeanna V Thottungal

January 30, 2020 • 10:35 AM

This story is telling of the push-pull factors that encourage immigrants to leave their homeland to travel to the U.S.. Melo’s story is eye-opening to the hardships that come with surviving in El Salvador. Not only was his life constantly threatened, Melo was also taxed for wanting to go to school and educate himself. This story has made me grateful for my education here at UCSD. Despite the obstacles he faced in his home-town, he still strives to complete his education here at the U.S. in order to support his family. Thank you to Lorena for bringing awareness on these important issues and shattering the assumption that all migrants are here voluntarily.

Laurene Aday

January 30, 2020 • 10:38 AM

This was heartbreaking to read but I also found comfort in knowing how motivated Melo is in continuing his education in the US in order to support his family back in El Salvador and to safely go back to his homeland one day. Thank you for sharing his story and for giving him an opportunity to share his experiences, which many refugees do not often get the chance to.

Vivian Ojeda

January 30, 2020 • 10:41 AM

It is very important to share stories like these because people don’t realize just how common cases like these are. People think that wars are the only justifiable reason to leave your country and seek refuge, but that is simply not true. My own family in Mexico endures conditions like this on the daily. They can’t leave their home at a certain time of day and night, for fear of getting caught in the crossfires of something. Many of them have been mugged in broad daylight. These conditions are real, and it is inspiring to see people actually make it out when suddenly there are no other options. It is not easy, but I’m really glad Melo can keep a positive attitude, and I am really glad his story can be shared for what it is: a positive outcome.

Bonnie Devenney

January 30, 2020 • 10:47 AM

Thank you for sharing Melo’s journey. It’s sad that migrants’ stories like this don’t get much coverage or traction, which is why it is even more important to highlight these border crossings and the length to which people will go for a better life.

Sarahi T Macias

January 30, 2020 • 10:47 AM

Thank you for sharing Melo’s story. I was reminded that I should not become desensitized to the origins and journeys of migrants and instead actively listen to their stories as they are also my parent’s who also traveled at a young age. I have asked my mother about her journey after passing which unfortunately is somehow more heartbreaking than the travel itself. Thank you for sharing his hopes as well.

Zahra Masood

January 30, 2020 • 11:51 AM

Melo’s story is poignant and really demonstrates the radical, strong kinship and possibilities that happen in the “space between” (while he is in the caravan). The stories of children like Melo is powerful and necessary to provide a more holistic and humanitarian aspect to migration stories.
Thank you for sharing!

Alysandra Gonzales

January 30, 2020 • 5:55 PM

Thank you for sharing Melo’s story with us. I think it is important to listen to the stories of migrants because it can help others see and learn more about the dangers and struggles many migrants are facing.

Lalin Ozyazgan

January 30, 2020 • 7:36 PM

I think the story you tell is a critical one because it not only highlights the realities of everyday violence that people in many countries Central America are facing, but also provides a narrative of resilience. The details of Melo leaving his family behind and risking gang members finding him or facing abuse in detention centers, yet still deciding to travel to the U.S to complete his education is a humanizing story. Additionally, I like that you included his testimony of the desire to eventually return to El Salvador, as this contests the perpetuated narrative of refugees wanting to flee their home countries rather than being forced to.

Marisa Garcia Perez

March 17, 2020 • 9:45 PM

I enjoyed learning about Melo’s story, it was very captivating and it sheds light to a lot of realities that people are oftentimes not aware of. Additionally, I resonated with your article because I was also an MMFRP participant for Winter Quarter 2020. Being involved with Casa Del Migrante was an experience that I would not trade for the world, I got to meet a lot of great people and donated my time to contribute to the Casa community.

Arely Martinez

November 29, 2020 • 8:46 PM

Thank you Lorena for sharing Melo’s story! It is always important to amplify the voices of those who have no choice but to seek refuge elsewhere due to the serious threats they experience in their home country. I felt extremely sad when I read that he would rather suffer at a detention center here in the US than back in el Salvador. That just goes to show how difficult and painful his life was in el Salvador.

Adolfo Partida

February 23, 2022 • 1:25 AM

An absolutely heartbreaking story. This is one of the few times I’ve heard direct stories from migrants from Central America. What a painful life Melo has had to endure at such a young age. Heartbreaking to think this happens to potentially thousands if not millions of people without us ever hearing about it.

Diana Calderon

February 27, 2022 • 1:21 PM

Thank you for sharing this story, I think people often become desensitized to the realities of why Central Americans in particular have had to leave their home country. We saw the racism and xenophobia targeted towards Central Americans when they were attempting to enter from the US-Mexico border, so its important that we recognize how difficult it is to leave your only home.

Gabriela Esquivel

March 7, 2022 • 9:12 AM

Thank you Lorena for sharing Melo’s story as it truly captivates one of the thousands of reasons why individuals are willing to leave everything behind and migrate. The last sentence “once he’s free,” is incredibly chilling and I truly hope his dream comes true and he is reunited with his family back in El Salvador.

J'raan Brooks

June 3, 2022 • 6:59 PM

Thank you for telling this story Lorena, I think it especially captures the idea of the lives people are forced to escape in order to be able for he and his family to be safe.

Naomi Lucky

June 3, 2022 • 9:51 PM

I really enjoyed reading this piece, it was very eye opening to what many children and families are going through. It was also so cool to read that there is community and comradery among people in the Caravan. The lengths that many young people have to go through to keep themselves and their families safe is very disturbing. Thank you for sharing.

Ashley Vega

May 9, 2023 • 1:35 PM

It’s admirable to see the networks of care developed among the people migrating. There is a shared and unspoken awareness of the need for survival and livability. This awareness leads to systems of care, and sharing knowledge.

Cassadie Morrish

May 9, 2023 • 1:35 PM

Thank you for sharing this experience. The stories of people like Melo are not shared to the extent that they need to be, despite the violence and hardship that they entail. I loved the emphasis on the community and kindness that Melo and his nephew found while traveling. Such humanity offers hope for such difficult conditions.

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